Search results for "Macaca fascicularis"

Antibody-mediated inhibition of FXIIa blocks downstream bradykinin generation.

2018

Establishment of two quantitative nested qPCR assays targeting the human EPO transgene.

2016

International audience; For ethical and safety reasons it is critical to develop easily implemented assays with high sensitivity and specificity for gene doping surveillance. Two nested quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were developed that target the human EPO (hEPO) cDNA sequence in a circular form, representative of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector genomes found in vivo. Through an interlaboratory evaluation, the assays were validated and utilized in an in vitro blinded study. These assays are specific and extremely sensitive with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 copy of circular plasmid DNA and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10 to 20 copies in the presence of 50…

Drug-induced expansion and differentiation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in vivo: The role of exogenous IL-2

2005

Human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells recognize nonpeptidic Ags generated by the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (many eubacteria, algae, plants, and Apicomplexa) and mevalonate (eukaryotes, archaebacteria, and certain eubacteria) pathways of isoprenoid synthesis. The potent Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell reactivity 1) against certain cancer cells or 2) induced by infectious agents indicates that therapeutic augmentations of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell activities may be clinically beneficial. The functional characteristics of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells from Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey) are very similar to those from Homo sapiens. We have found that the i.v. administration of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonat…

Ultrastructure of the subventricular zone in Macaca fascicularis and evidence of a mouse-like migratory stream.

2009

Recent publications have shown that the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles in the Macaca fascicularis brain, in particular the subventricular zone (SVZ), contains neural stem cells throughout adulthood that migrate through a migratory pathway (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB). To date, a detailed and systematic cytoarchitectural and ultrastructural study of the monkey SVZ and RMS has not been done. We found that the organization of the SVZ was similar to that of humans, with the ependymal layer surrounding the lateral ventricles, a hypocellular GAP layer formed by astrocytic and ependymal expansions, and the astrocyte ribbon, composed of astrocytic bodies. We found no cells corresponding…

Influence of spatial information on responses of tonically active neurons in the monkey striatum.

2006

Influence of spatial information on responses of tonically active neurons in the monkey striatum. J Neurophysiol 95: 2975–2986, 2006. First published February 8, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01113.2005. Previous studies have demonstrated that tonically active neurons (TANs) in the primate striatum play an important role in the detection of rewarding events. However, the influence of the spatial features of stimuli or actions required to obtain reward remains unclear. Here, we examined the activity of TANs in the striatum of monkeys trained to make spatially directed movements elicited by visual stimuli presented ipsilaterally or contralaterally to the moving arm. Among 181 neurons responding to the…

Metabolism of coumarin by precision-cut calf liver slices and calf liver microsomes.

1995

1. The metabolism of 50 microM [3-14C]coumarin has been studied in precision-cut-calf liver slices. 2. The metabolism of 50 microM coumarin to 7-hydroxycoumarin has also been examined in calf, rat, Cynomolgus monkey and human liver microsomal preparations. 3. In precision-cut calf liver slices, [3-14C]coumarin was metabolized to various polar products and to metabolite(s) that bound covalently to calf liver slice proteins. The polar products included 7-hydroxycoumarin (which was extensively conjugated with D-glucuronic acid and/or sulphate), metabolites of the 3-hydroxylation pathway (mainly o-hydroxyphenylethanol and o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), and unknown metabolites. 4. Coumarin 7-hydro…

Metabolic pathways of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B): analysis of phase I metabolism with hepatocytes of six species including human

2004

Abstract 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) is a psychoactive designer drug of abuse that is sold under the street names “Venus”, “Bromo”, “Erox”, “XTC” or “Nexus”. Concern has been raised because only little is known about its toxicity and metabolism in humans. In the present study we incubated 2C-B with human, monkey, dog, rabbit, rat and mouse hepatocytes to identify the metabolites formed and to determine possible toxic effects as evidenced by an ATP assay. Our data allow construction of the main metabolic pathways of 2C-B. Oxidative deamination results in the 2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethanol (BDMPE) and 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid (BDMPAA) metabolites. Additio…

Inferring functional patterns of tool use behavior from the temporal structure of object play sequences in a non-human primate species.

2019

Abstract Inferring functional components of behavioral sequences is a crucial but challenging task. A systematic comparison of their temporal structure is a good starting point, based on the postulate that more functional traits are less structurally variable. We studied stone handling behavior (SH) in Balinese long-tailed macaques, a versatile form of stone-directed play. We tested the hypothesis that stones are used by male monkeys to stimulate their genitals in a sexual context (i.e., “sex toy” hypothesis). Specifically, two SH actions (i.e., “tap-on-groin” (TOG) and “rub-on-groin” (ROG), respectively the repetitive tapping and rubbing of a stone onto the genital area) gained functional …

Sox-2 Positive Neural Progenitors in the Primate Striatum Undergo Dynamic Changes after Dopamine Denervation.

2013

The existence of endogenous neural progenitors in the nigrostriatal system could represent a powerful tool for restorative therapies in Parkinson's disease. Sox-2 is a transcription factor expressed in pluripotent and adult stem cells, including neural progenitors. In the adult brain Sox-2 is expressed in the neurogenic niches. There is also widespread expression of Sox-2 in other brain regions, although the neurogenic potential outside the niches is uncertain. Here, we analyzed the presence of Sox-2(+) cells in the adult primate (Macaca fascicularis) brain in naïve animals (N = 3) and in animals exposed to systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine to render th…

Reward Unpredictability inside and outside of a Task Context as a Determinant of the Responses of Tonically Active Neurons in the Monkey Striatum

2001

Tonically active neurons (TANs) in the monkey striatum are involved in detecting motivationally relevant stimuli. We recently provided evidence that the timing of conditioned stimuli strongly influences the responsiveness of TANs, the source of which is likely to be the monkey's previous experience with particular temporal regularities in sequential task events. To extend these findings, we investigated the relationship of TAN responses to a primary liquid reward, the timing of which is more or less predictable to the monkey either outside of a task or during instrumental task performance. Reward predictability was indexed by the timing characteristics of the mouth movements. The responsive…